Add The Verge Stated It's Technologically Impressive
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<br>Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python library created to facilitate the development of reinforcement knowing [algorithms](http://appleacademy.kr). It aimed to standardize how environments are defined in [AI](https://git.aionnect.com) research, making published research study more quickly reproducible [24] [144] while providing users with a basic user interface for interacting with these environments. In 2022, brand-new developments of Gym have been moved to the library Gymnasium. [145] [146]
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<br>Gym Retro<br>
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<br>Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for support learning (RL) research on computer game [147] using RL algorithms and study generalization. Prior RL research study focused mainly on enhancing agents to resolve single jobs. [Gym Retro](https://hireblitz.com) provides the [ability](https://www.jccer.com2223) to generalize in between video games with comparable principles however different appearances.<br>
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<br>RoboSumo<br>
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<br>Released in 2017, [wiki.rolandradio.net](https://wiki.rolandradio.net/index.php?title=User:RYUDarell4) RoboSumo is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robot agents at first lack [knowledge](http://47.92.109.2308080) of how to even stroll, however are provided the objectives of finding out to move and to press the opposing agent out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial knowing procedure, the agents learn how to adjust to [changing conditions](https://social.ishare.la). When a representative is then gotten rid of from this virtual environment and put in a new virtual environment with high winds, the agent braces to remain upright, suggesting it had found out how to [stabilize](https://pinecorp.com) in a generalized way. [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor Mordatch argued that competitors between representatives could produce an intelligence "arms race" that might increase an agent's capability to work even outside the context of the competitors. [148]
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<br>OpenAI 5<br>
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<br>OpenAI Five is a group of 5 OpenAI-curated bots [utilized](https://hankukenergy.kr) in the competitive five-on-five computer game Dota 2, that find out to play against human players at a high ability level entirely through trial-and-error algorithms. Before becoming a group of 5, the first public presentation happened at The International 2017, the yearly premiere championship competition for the video game, where Dendi, a [professional Ukrainian](https://reeltalent.gr) player, lost against a bot in a live one-on-one match. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had [discovered](http://kuzeydogu.ogo.org.tr) by playing against itself for 2 weeks of actual time, and that the knowing software application was an action in the instructions of producing software that can deal with complex tasks like a surgeon. [152] [153] The system uses a form of support knowing, as the bots learn gradually by playing against themselves numerous times a day for months, and [systemcheck-wiki.de](https://systemcheck-wiki.de/index.php?title=Benutzer:JerriRabinovitch) are rewarded for actions such as eliminating an opponent and taking map objectives. [154] [155] [156]
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<br>By June 2018, the capability of the bots broadened to play together as a full group of 5, and they had the ability to beat teams of amateur and semi-professional gamers. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in two exhibition matches against professional gamers, however wound up losing both games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five beat OG, the ruling world champs of the game at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibition match in [San Francisco](https://washcareer.com). [163] [164] The bots' last public appearance came later on that month, where they played in 42,729 overall video games in a four-day open online competition, winning 99.4% of those games. [165]
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<br>OpenAI 5's systems in Dota 2's bot player reveals the challenges of [AI](http://moyora.today) [systems](https://git.jordanbray.com) in multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video games and how OpenAI Five has shown using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) representatives to attain superhuman proficiency in Dota 2 matches. [166]
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<br>Dactyl<br>
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<br>Developed in 2018, Dactyl utilizes machine finding out to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robot hand, to manipulate physical things. [167] It finds out entirely in simulation utilizing the same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI took on the object orientation problem by utilizing domain randomization, [systemcheck-wiki.de](https://systemcheck-wiki.de/index.php?title=Benutzer:FlorianHoutz6) a simulation method which exposes the learner to a variety of experiences instead of trying to fit to truth. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having movement tracking video cameras, likewise has [RGB cams](http://042.ne.jp) to allow the robot to control an approximate item by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI revealed that the system had the ability to control a cube and an octagonal prism. [168]
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<br>In 2019, [OpenAI demonstrated](https://git.torrents-csv.com) that Dactyl could fix a Rubik's Cube. The robot was able to resolve the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube present complicated physics that is harder to model. OpenAI did this by enhancing the toughness of Dactyl to perturbations by utilizing Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation technique of producing progressively more challenging environments. ADR varies from manual domain randomization by not needing a human to define randomization varieties. [169]
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<br>API<br>
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<br>In June 2020, OpenAI announced a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing brand-new [AI](https://www.ifodea.com) designs established by OpenAI" to let developers get in touch with it for "any English language [AI](http://43.139.10.64:3000) task". [170] [171]
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<br>Text generation<br>
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<br>The company has actually popularized generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172]
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<br>OpenAI's original GPT model ("GPT-1")<br>
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<br>The initial paper on generative pre-training of a transformer-based language model was composed by Alec Radford and his coworkers, and released in preprint on OpenAI's website on June 11, 2018. [173] It showed how a generative design of language could obtain world knowledge and process long-range dependences by pre-training on a diverse corpus with long stretches of contiguous text.<br>
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<br>GPT-2<br>
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<br>Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is a not being watched transformer [language](https://nsproservices.co.uk) design and the successor to OpenAI's initial GPT design ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was announced in February 2019, with just restricted demonstrative versions initially released to the public. The complete variation of GPT-2 was not immediately [released](https://ramique.kr) due to issue about prospective misuse, consisting of applications for composing fake news. [174] Some specialists expressed uncertainty that GPT-2 presented a significant hazard.<br>
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<br>In [reaction](http://zerovalueentertainment.com3000) to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence responded with a tool to discover "neural phony news". [175] Other researchers, such as Jeremy Howard, alerted of "the technology to completely fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would drown out all other speech and be difficult to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI released the complete version of the GPT-2 language design. [177] Several sites host interactive demonstrations of various circumstances of GPT-2 and other transformer designs. [178] [179] [180]
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<br>GPT-2's authors argue without supervision language designs to be general-purpose learners, highlighted by GPT-2 attaining cutting edge precision and perplexity on 7 of 8 zero-shot tasks (i.e. the model was not additional trained on any task-specific input-output examples).<br>
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<br>The corpus it was trained on, called WebText, contains a little 40 gigabytes of text from URLs shared in Reddit submissions with a minimum of 3 upvotes. It prevents certain concerns encoding vocabulary with word tokens by utilizing byte pair encoding. This permits representing any string of characters by encoding both individual characters and [multiple-character](https://houseimmo.com) tokens. [181]
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<br>GPT-3<br>
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<br>First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a without supervision transformer language design and the follower to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI specified that the complete variation of GPT-3 contained 175 billion parameters, [184] 2 orders of magnitude bigger than the 1.5 billion [185] in the full variation of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 models with as few as 125 million parameters were also trained). [186]
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<br>OpenAI stated that GPT-3 prospered at certain "meta-learning" tasks and might generalize the function of a single input-output pair. The GPT-3 release paper provided examples of translation and cross-linguistic transfer learning between English and Romanian, and in between English and German. [184]
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<br>GPT-3 significantly enhanced benchmark results over GPT-2. OpenAI warned that such scaling-up of language designs could be approaching or coming across the fundamental ability constraints of predictive language designs. [187] Pre-training GPT-3 needed several thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of calculate, compared to 10s of petaflop/s-days for the full GPT-2 design. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 trained model was not immediately released to the public for issues of possible abuse, although OpenAI planned to permit gain access to through a paid cloud API after a two-month complimentary private beta that began in June 2020. [170] [189]
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<br>On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was certified exclusively to Microsoft. [190] [191]
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<br>Codex<br>
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<br>Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has in addition been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](https://music.worldcubers.com) powering the code autocompletion tool GitHub [Copilot](https://washcareer.com). [193] In August 2021, an API was launched in private beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the design can produce working code in over a lots programs languages, the majority of successfully in Python. [192]
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<br>Several concerns with glitches, design flaws and security vulnerabilities were cited. [195] [196]
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<br>GitHub Copilot has been accused of emitting copyrighted code, with no author attribution or license. [197]
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<br>OpenAI announced that they would terminate support for Codex API on March 23, 2023. [198]
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<br>GPT-4<br>
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<br>On March 14, 2023, OpenAI revealed the release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), capable of accepting text or image inputs. [199] They revealed that the updated innovation passed a simulated law school bar test with a rating around the 10% of test takers. (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 could likewise check out, analyze or create as much as 25,000 words of text, and write code in all major programs languages. [200]
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<br>Observers reported that the model of ChatGPT using GPT-4 was an [enhancement](https://www.virfans.com) on the previous GPT-3.5-based version, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained a few of the issues with earlier revisions. [201] GPT-4 is likewise efficient in taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has actually decreased to expose various technical details and stats about GPT-4, such as the precise size of the model. [203]
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<br>GPT-4o<br>
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<br>On May 13, 2024, OpenAI announced and launched GPT-4o, which can process and create text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained advanced outcomes in voice, multilingual, and vision criteria, setting new records in audio speech recognition and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207]
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<br>On July 18, 2024, OpenAI released GPT-4o mini, a smaller version of GPT-4o replacing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI anticipates it to be particularly useful for [wavedream.wiki](https://wavedream.wiki/index.php/User:KarlBeardsley7) enterprises, [bio.rogstecnologia.com.br](https://bio.rogstecnologia.com.br/chantedarbon) start-ups and developers seeking to automate services with [AI](https://executiverecruitmentltd.co.uk) representatives. [208]
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<br>o1<br>
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<br>On September 12, 2024, OpenAI released the o1-preview and o1-mini designs, which have been designed to take more time to think of their responses, resulting in higher precision. These designs are especially effective in science, coding, and thinking jobs, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Team members. [209] [210] In December 2024, o1-preview was changed by o1. [211]
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<br>o3<br>
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<br>On December 20, 2024, OpenAI unveiled o3, the [successor](http://dev.onstyler.net30300) of the o1 reasoning design. OpenAI likewise unveiled o3-mini, a lighter and quicker variation of OpenAI o3. Since December 21, 2024, this design is not available for public usage. According to OpenAI, they are evaluating o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, 2025, security and security scientists had the chance to obtain early access to these designs. [214] The design is called o3 instead of o2 to prevent confusion with telecommunications companies O2. [215]
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<br>Deep research<br>
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<br>Deep research is an agent established by OpenAI, unveiled on February 2, 2025. It leverages the abilities of OpenAI's o3 model to carry out substantial web browsing, data analysis, and synthesis, delivering detailed reports within a timeframe of 5 to thirty minutes. [216] With searching and Python tools allowed, it reached a precision of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) standard. [120]
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<br>Image category<br>
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<br>CLIP<br>
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<br>Revealed in 2021, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a design that is trained to analyze the semantic resemblance in between text and images. It can notably be used for image category. [217]
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<br>Text-to-image<br>
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<br>DALL-E<br>
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<br>Revealed in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer design that creates images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E uses a 12-billion-parameter version of GPT-3 to translate natural language inputs (such as "a green leather bag shaped like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of a sad capybara") and create matching images. It can develop pictures of practical objects ("a stained-glass window with a picture of a blue strawberry") along with things that do not exist in [reality](https://www.flughafen-jobs.com) ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). Since March 2021, no API or code is available.<br>
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<br>DALL-E 2<br>
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<br>In April 2022, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 2, an updated version of the design with more [realistic outcomes](https://i10audio.com). [219] In December 2022, OpenAI released on GitHub software for Point-E, a brand-new basic system for transforming a text description into a 3-dimensional model. [220]
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<br>DALL-E 3<br>
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<br>In September 2023, OpenAI announced DALL-E 3, a more effective design much better able to produce images from complicated descriptions without manual timely engineering and render intricate details like hands and text. [221] It was launched to the general public as a ChatGPT Plus function in October. [222]
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<br>Text-to-video<br>
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<br>Sora<br>
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<br>Sora is a text-to-video design that can produce videos based upon brief detailed prompts [223] along with extend existing videos forwards or backwards in time. [224] It can generate videos with [resolution](https://www.valenzuelatrabaho.gov.ph) as much as 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The maximal length of created videos is unknown.<br>
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<br>Sora's advancement group named it after the Japanese word for "sky", to represent its "unlimited imaginative potential". [223] Sora's technology is an adaptation of the innovation behind the DALL · E 3 text-to-image model. [225] OpenAI trained the system utilizing publicly-available videos along with copyrighted videos certified for that function, however did not reveal the number or [wavedream.wiki](https://wavedream.wiki/index.php/User:DeliaGarrett5) the exact sources of the videos. [223]
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<br>OpenAI demonstrated some Sora-created high-definition videos to the general public on February 15, 2024, mentioning that it could create videos up to one minute long. It likewise shared a technical report highlighting the approaches utilized to train the design, and the design's abilities. [225] It acknowledged some of its drawbacks, including battles imitating complex physics. [226] Will Douglas Heaven of the MIT Technology Review called the presentation videos "excellent", however noted that they need to have been cherry-picked and might not represent Sora's common output. [225]
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<br>Despite uncertainty from some scholastic leaders following Sora's public demonstration, significant entertainment-industry figures have actually shown considerable interest in the technology's capacity. In an interview, actor/filmmaker Tyler [Perry revealed](https://gitea.lolumi.com) his awe at the technology's capability to create [reasonable](https://lafffrica.com) video from text descriptions, citing its prospective to transform storytelling and material development. He said that his excitement about Sora's possibilities was so strong that he had actually chosen to pause plans for broadening his Atlanta-based movie studio. [227]
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<br>Speech-to-text<br>
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<br>Whisper<br>
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<br>Released in 2022, Whisper is a general-purpose speech acknowledgment model. [228] It is trained on a large dataset of varied audio and is also a multi-task model that can perform multilingual speech recognition as well as speech translation and language identification. [229]
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<br>Music generation<br>
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<br>MuseNet<br>
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<br>Released in 2019, MuseNet is a deep neural net trained to predict subsequent musical notes in MIDI music files. It can generate tunes with 10 instruments in 15 designs. According to The Verge, a tune generated by MuseNet tends to begin fairly however then fall under chaos the longer it plays. [230] [231] In pop culture, preliminary applications of this tool were used as early as 2020 for the internet mental thriller Ben Drowned to develop music for the titular character. [232] [233]
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<br>Jukebox<br>
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<br>Released in 2020, Jukebox is an open-sourced algorithm to produce music with vocals. After training on 1.2 million samples, the system accepts a category, artist, and a snippet of lyrics and outputs tune samples. OpenAI mentioned the tunes "reveal local musical coherence [and] follow conventional chord patterns" but acknowledged that the songs lack "familiar bigger musical structures such as choruses that duplicate" which "there is a significant space" between Jukebox and [human-generated music](https://www.cowgirlboss.com). The Verge specified "It's technologically remarkable, even if the outcomes sound like mushy variations of tunes that might feel familiar", [wiki.snooze-hotelsoftware.de](https://wiki.snooze-hotelsoftware.de/index.php?title=Benutzer:DenishaHolyfield) while Business Insider stated "remarkably, some of the resulting songs are memorable and sound legitimate". [234] [235] [236]
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<br>Interface<br>
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<br>Debate Game<br>
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<br>In 2018, OpenAI introduced the Debate Game, which [teaches makers](http://www.thehispanicamerican.com) to dispute toy issues in front of a human judge. The function is to research whether such an approach may assist in auditing [AI](https://git.toolhub.cc) decisions and in developing explainable [AI](https://owangee.com). [237] [238]
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<br>Microscope<br>
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<br>Released in 2020, Microscope [239] is a collection of visualizations of every considerable layer and nerve cell of eight neural network models which are frequently studied in interpretability. [240] Microscope was produced to analyze the functions that form inside these neural networks easily. The models included are AlexNet, VGG-19, different versions of Inception, and different variations of CLIP Resnet. [241]
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<br>ChatGPT<br>
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<br>Launched in November 2022, ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence tool constructed on top of GPT-3 that provides a conversational interface that enables users to ask questions in natural language. The system then responds with a response within seconds.<br>
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